U1: Media products and audiences

 Social-economic grade: Take a break is a magazine targeted towards women I think C2 or D are going to read the Take a Break magazine because they will have the most time to read it, the magazine is cheap for them to buy and they are more likely to read this. It doesn't look high class, it isn't glossy, they have a cash prize.Ideal self or ideal partner- The woman on the magazine isn't a celebrity but she is pretty and she is one of the people that would read the magazine. These companies might advertise in this: Aldi, B&M, Lidl, Sainsburys, primark, new look, WHSmith, Claires, Argos Hollyoaks: 16-30 age group target audience I think this because it looks very dramatic and the characters are around 20 year olds, sex, romance, drugs and alcohol Send press packs to: Superdrugs, Primark, Pretty Little Thing, boohoo, Boots, perfume and jewellery companies Females or women watch Hollyoaks more or homosexual men   Press packs- Audience profile and target audience, sent to com...

 The main point of section A is to train you to be able to make interpretations from audience research data Interpretations- Understand it and explain it Explain is merit 18 marks A 4% B 23% C1 29% C2 21% D 15% E 8% A, B and C1 most desirable target audiences as they have more money

 PAMco- Publishers Audience Measurement Company- Newspapers, graphic novels, comics, magazines, online publications RAJAR- Radio Joint Audience Research- commercial and public radio stations and shows, podcasts BARB- Broadcasters audience research board- TV, online, live broadcast: TV, BBC, ITV, Channel 4, sky sports..... They research: Age, genders, ethnic minorities, location and geodemographics (where they live), socio-economic, sexual orientation, lifestyle and psychographics

 Media effects is a term used to explain how the media has a positive or negative impact on the target audience, they can be passive or active. A media regulator is a company that reviews media products such as Ofcom, BBFC, IPSO, PRS, ASA Advertising Standards Authority British Board of Film Classification, Paneuropean Game Information Office of communications I ndependent press standards authority

 Copyright- Artists can control the use of their work and get paid for it by law. Copyright grants the owner the exclusive right to copy, issue, rent, lend, perform, show, communicate and adapt their work. What steps have YouTube taken to stop the internet uses and piracy service from ripping content Vanilla Ice ​Apparently Owns the Rights to "Under Pressure" | Exclaim! Fortnite sued over The Floss: Can you copyright a dance move? - BBC News Copying is now really easy because of technologies like the internet. The internet has enabled mass scale copying which has challenged copyright law in recent years I believe stealing content 

 ASA- Advertising Standards Authority. Regulate advertising on radio, TV, print and online to make sure is is suitable and no false claims are made.  BBFC- British Board of Film Classification. Regulate film and TV, music videos to make sure it is appropriate for each age rating Ofcom- Office of Communications. Regulates radio, video on demand, TV and people can complain to them IPSO- Independent Press Standards Organisation. Regulates news, print and online, social media, newspapers and magazines PEGI-  Pan European Game Information.  Regulates games content to make sure it is appropriate for each age rating. Livingstone and Lund 2011 Needs of a citizen are in conflict with a consumer. Such as being too young for media content limits freedom of expression. this is a debate. Key terms: Citizen Consumer Command and control Globalisation public sphere Technological convergence  2019 Boris Johnson and wife daily mail- Sat next to each other for show I believe the p...

 End of the traditional audience theory- Because of technology, audiences don't exist anymore, they can dislike something and break the media product or like it and make it popular online through opinions. Therefore audiences communicate with the media. Clay Shirky (2008) Audience have control over what we want produced, not passive. 1. We are talking back to producers/the media through comment sections, forums 2. We can talk back to the media by creating our own work like blogs amd vlogs- prosumer Sonic movie YouTube Rewind

 Active Audience Theory- Henry Jenkins, 2012, Textual Poachers. Textual- Taking a media effect and using it for our own gain. Audiences have developed relationships with media products to the extent that they add to the meaning of the product through an immersive relationship. Fan series, Memes, Viral Parodies of media products, commenting or debating online about media products Rather than play a video game and watch a TV show, fans commenting on media product can create identity by borrowing and using mass culture images to form social bonds. Not passive audience. Examples: Friends TV Show Forum Call of Duty Metroid Star Wars YouTube provided a platform for fans to distribute fan fiction.

 Encoding/decoding Stuart Hall, 1980  Audiences have different readings based on their own upbringing, culture, political standpoints. There are three positions (readings)  an audience may take. Different people react differently to a media product based on their views and upbringing.   3 viewpoints: Preferred reading- Accepts the viewpoint, dominant ideology An audience generally accepts the dominant viewpoint of the story (dominant ideology- ideas, values and beliefs) we know products are mediated- careful selection to encourage audience to think a certain thing Negotiated reading- Don't agree with point of view, both viewpoints. Where the ideology of a producer's message is agreed with in general, although the message is negotiated or picked apart by the audience, and they may disagree  Oppositional Reading- The message hasbeen understood, but they completely disagree. Glamour magazine front cover: Preferred Reading- The woman looks amazing, she is beautiful....

 Male gaze theory- Laura Mulvey film theorist (1975 ) says women in media are sexualised/objectified for hetrosexual male pleasure. Love Island is an example of objectifying women and Instagram. Tough Guise Theory- Earp and Katz 1999. Violence and toxic masculinity, control and pathological violence in men in the media. BBC 2019 scrolling through instagram or posting pictures were a particular problem when it came to negative thoughts about your body.   Exam Q Dicuss the relevence of the concept of moral panics based on digital media products you have studied. Use contemporary examples and the theoretical ideas to support your answer

Hypodermic Syringe Theory - messages the audience receive from the media are injected (this is the reason for the name of the theory) into their thoughts, values and mindset passively. Therefore, even though we don’t realise it, we are being injected with stereotypes and ideas that the media puts out there.      Hypodermic syringe- Messages are injected into our (target audience) brains by the media passively. Instagram article   Facebook aware of Instagram’s harmful effect on teenage girls, leak reveals | Instagram | The Guardian Instagram is a social media app owned by conglomerate Facebook. Many articles have stated that Instagram is bad for body image. This article says that Instagram is harming body image in teenage girls (causing low self esteem, making them not like their bodies and the way they look) and it has increased anxiety and depression in teenagers. This is a negative effect on teenage girls and teenagers in general which...